UART Protocol

UART is a serial communication protocol widely used to transmit data between devices.

UART it’s a simple and flexible method that allows for asynchronous communication, meaning the sender and receiver don’t need to be synchronized by a common clock.

Key Components and Functions

TX (Transmit): Sends data from the transmitting device. RX (Receive): Receives data at the receiving device. Start Bit: A logic 0 signal that indicates the start of a data byte. Data Bits: 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits of data. Parity Bit: An optional bit used for error checking. Stop Bit: A logic 1 signal that indicates the end of a data byte.

How It Works

Data Transmission: The transmitting device sends a start bit, followed by the data bits, a parity bit (if enabled), and a stop bit. Data Reception: The receiving device looks for a start bit to indicate the beginning of a data byte. It then samples the data bits and checks for errors using the parity bit (if enabled). Finally, it looks for a stop bit to indicate the end of the data byte.

UART Modes

Asynchronous: The most common mode, where the sender and receiver don’t need a common clock. Synchronous: Requires a common clock to synchronize data transmission. Half-duplex: Allows data to be transmitted in both directions, but only one at a time. Full-duplex: Allows data to be transmitted in both directions simultaneously.

UART Advantages

Simplicity: Easy to implement and understand. Flexibility: Can be used with a variety of devices. Asynchronous: Doesn’t require a common clock. Low-cost: Relatively inexpensive to implement.

Common Applications

Microcontroller peripherals: Connecting to serial devices like keyboards, mice, modems, and GPS receivers. Embedded systems: Industrial automation, consumer electronics. Debugging: Used for debugging and monitoring microcontroller systems.

In summary, UART is a versatile and widely used serial communication protocol that provides a simple and reliable way for devices to exchange data.