LoRA Security
LoRa (Long Range) technology has gained significant traction for its low-power, long-range wireless communication capabilities. However, like any technology, it is not immune to vulnerabilities. Over the years, several Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) have been identified related to LoRa implementations.
- Frequency Band 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (North America), 920 MHz (Asia) Operating frequency of the LoRa device
- Data Rate SF7 to SF12 Spreading factor used for modulation, affecting range and data rate
- Bandwidth 125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz Bandwidth of the transmitted signal
- Modulation LoRa Proprietary modulation scheme for long-range, low-power communication
- Maximum Output Power 20 dBm Maximum power level the device can transmit
- Sensitivity -142 dBm Minimum signal strength the device can receive
- Range Up to 15 km (urban), up to 50 km (rural) Maximum distance the device can communicate
- Data Rate and Range Trade-off Higher spreading factor (SF) increases range but decreases data rate, and vice versa
- Duty Cycle 1% (maximum) Limits the amount of time the device can transmit to conserve battery life
- Power Consumption Low-power mode: µA, Transmit mode: mA Typical power consumption in different operating modes